The article presents an analysis of the problems of diagnosis and restoration of the human respiratory system after diseases, including COVID-19. The review of analogues of small-sized spirometers is carried out. On the basis of which an individual small-sized device has been developed for effective training of the respiratory system. The functional scheme of the pneumatic trainer is described and the main simulator-game scenarios for achieving a therapeutic effect are analyzed.

Keywords: respiratory system, COVID-19, pneumatic trainer, portable device, pressure sensor, MEMS technology

This article describes the combined method of plasma-electrolyte processing and subsequent ultrasound imaging of medical needles created from steel grade 12H18N9T. A functional diagram of an installation for medical needles plasma-electrolyte treatment is presented. A device for ultrasound diagnostics of microrelief in the obtained material is described. The actual task of ultrasound medical research is the quality of the processed tip. One of the ways to obtain deformation at the end of the needle is the electrolyte-plasma discharge method at the anode of a given material. In the course of the study, previously obtained results were confirmed, indicating that the plasma electrolyte process was caused by a fivefold or more excess of the cathode area relative to the anode area Sк≥5Sа. A study was conducted of plasma-electrolytic processing of steel grade 12H18N9T using anodic electrolyte. It is shown that in the plasma formation area occurrence around the anode, the current-voltage characteristic is practically independent of the electrolyte concentration. The patterns of formation of the depth of the hole at the end of the needle, determined by the process of melting the surface layer of the anode, which requires a uniform input of heat over a unit of time. The depth of the well and the wavelength of ultrasound are shown. It is necessary to apply roughness (holes) with a size of 10-1000 microns at different angles relative to the axis of the tube with a tip. On the research basis, a unique device «KLYON-1» was created, which performs the material processing and its control by means of ultrasonic radiation.

Keywords: ultrasound, plasma, electrolyte, visualization, microrelief, needle, well

The ecological state of the Miussky estuary – the most important water object from the point of view of reproduction and cultivation of the fish which is territorially located in an ancient mouth of the channel of the river Mius and connected with Taganrog Bay of the Azov sea is considered. The uniqueness of the water body lies in the fact that the natural waters of The Mius estuary make up the flow of the river Mius mixed with the sea waters of the Taganrog Bay, especially during periods of strong upland phenomena caused by weather conditions. The data of hydrochemical monitoring for 2016-2018 are used for the assessment, the dynamics of water quality changes according to the UKIZV index is considered and the component-by-component analysis of the concentrations of indicators that have the greatest impact on the negative ecological state of the water body is carried out.

Keywords: MPC, Miusskaya estuary, water quality, UKIZV, aluminum, Fe, petroleum products (PP)

A method, a device and an experimental model were developed to control the cooling and providing effective low temperatures during cryosurgical treatment of bone tumors. Using the developed device, a range of effective temperatures was determined under the action of liquid nitrogen on the model of the bone cavity. Two ways of cooling the residual bone cavity, instillation and contact, were compared. During the experiment it was proved that the contact method of cryoexposure on the residual bone cavity model is more effective than the instillation of liquid nitrogen according to the characteristics of the temperature field. The proposed experimental model of the residual bone cavity makes it possible to study the temperature field, determine the rate of freezing and thawing both with the contact method and with the instillation of liquid nitrogen into the bone cavity. The results obtained allow to develop preliminary recommendations on the technique of carrying out cryosurgical ablation of bone tumors.

Keywords: cryoprobe, experimental model, tumors of bones, cryosurgery

The article describes the use of high-intensity magnetic stimulation (IUD) apparatus in patients with sarcopenia who underwent total knee arthroplasty. For this purpose, the magnetic stimulator “Neuro-MS” and the electroencephalographic apparatus “Neuron-Spectrum-5” were used. Based on electroencephalography, the dominant spectral peak (DSP) of the alpha rhythm and theta rhythm of the motor area of ​​the patient’s brain was determined. The use of the device allows you to reduce swelling, the intensity of pain, restore muscle strength, increase the range of motion in the operated joint.

Keywords: High-intensity magnetic stimulation, HIMC, sarcopenia, total knee arthroplasty, TKR

The article considers the application of criteria for assessing the quality of segmentation of digital images of sputum stained by the method of Ziehl–Neelsen to select the optimal parameter "Sigma" wavelet transform Mexican Hat. 830 digital images obtained by sputum smear microscopy were used as the study material. To assess the optimal selection of the parameter σ, we used the average number of objects selected in the images, the proportion of missed acid-resistant mycobacteria in the images, the homogeneity criterion and 3 complex criteria for assessing the quality of image segmentation. The analysis showed that with an increase in the parameter σ there is a slight decrease in the value of the homogeneity criterion. At the same time, the parameter σ increases from 2.4 and more according to the complex criteria, and the image segmentation quality improves. Thus, the most optimal values of the σ parameter of the Mexican Hat wavelet for segmentation of digital images of sputum stained by the cyl-Nielsen method are values in the range from 2.90 to 3.09.

Keywords: method Ziehl-Nielsen, image segmentation, quality evaluation criteria, wavelet transform, Mexican Hat

In this paper proposed a statistical model of the optoacoustic transformation in the moving liquid medium using nanoparticles for a noninvasive blood analysis system. Since to increase the accuracy of measurements should take into account the probabilistic nature of the distribution of nanoscale objects as contrast agents in the blood stream in the human cardiovascular system. To determine the statistical characteristics of the component of the sound signal formed by a conglomerate of nanoscale objects using Monte Carlo simulation. Main static characteristics were calculated and the density distribution of the probability of the normalized amplitude of the sound signal was determined for a series of numerical experiments.

Keywords: optoacoustics, optoacoustic effect, flow cytometry, acoustic signal, carbon nanotubes, laser sound excitation, statistical analysis

It refers to the field of medicine, namely, to ophthalmology and to the field of medical instrument making. The problem of documentary fixation of the pattern of the fundus observed with the help of such devices with the purpose of assessing the long-term dynamics of pathological changes and determining the degree of success of the therapy is still relevant. The purpose of the development is to realize the possibility of automatic and semi-automatic documentary photo fixation of the results of the study of the internal structures of the eye performed with the help of a hand-held mobile ophthalmoscope while preserving the possibility of direct examination of the internal structures of the eye. The goal is achieved by adding to the ophthalmoscope optical, electromechanical and electronic components, which allow photographic fixation of the observed picture of the internal structures of the eye being examined. Advantages and positive effect of the complex being developed: 1. The possibility of automated photographic fixation of the observed image of the fundus allows improving the quality of eye pathology diagnostics by simplifying the documentation of its condition and facilitating the monitoring of the dynamics of this condition. 2. The non-contact nature of measurements determines the reduced requirements for disinfection of the device and for anesthetizing the eye; 3. Automation of the process of photographic fixation allows to reduce time costs for them and to shorten the time necessary for training personnel to work with the complex; 4. Communication of the photophthalmoscope with a PC provides a wide range of local and centralized storage, processing and systematization of research results.

Keywords: Ophthalmoscope, ophthalmoscopy, photographic fixation, eye fundus

It refers to the field of medicine, namely, to ophthalmology and to the field of medical instrument making. In the field of ophthalmology, the actual task is to study the state of the vascular system of the eye, the changes of which are observed in many diseases. Currently, there are no non-invasive devices that allow performing an automated direct measurement of pressure in the vascular system of the eye and evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of the vascular wall of the eye vessels. The purpose of the work: the development of a hardware-software complex for eye pneumovazotonometry. The goal is achieved by synthesizing the circuit of a combined measuring device that combines the functions of measuring hemodynamics in the OCA and the IOP level. The complex includes a measuring module and external software for the PC, designed to work with this module. In the measuring module, a microprocessor control system can be distinguished; pneumatic system; ultrasound system; system of video registration; system of indication and control; system of communication with PC; power supply system.

Keywords: Anterior ciliary arteries, pressure, measurement, ophthalmopneumovasotonometry

The comparison of different methods of selection of signs for identification of objects on digital images of microscopic preparations of sputum, colored by the method of tsilya-Nilsen. The following methods were considered: the method of intersections, Shannon, kulbaka and accumulated frequencies. It is concluded that the method of intersections allows the selection of features from the entire feature space so that the classification models allow to obtain the maximum accuracy of classification with the least number of input parameters.

Keywords: method Ziehl-Nielsen, object recognition, image recognition, selection of features, the method of cumulative frequencies, the method of Shannon, Kullback, the method of intersections, logistic regression, classification tree, discriminant analysis

The measurement of the total concentration of hemoglobin in the blood is widely used both in the general analysis to assess the general condition of a person, and during an operation associated with rapid blood loss, blood transfusions, or rapid fluid administration. Although current invasive methods for measuring hemoglobin are accurate, they require frequent blood sampling and some time to obtain results from a remote laboratory. Moreover, taking blood is often not an acceptable option for patients with surgery, as this can help reduce anemia. Optoacoustic method can be a good alternative to invasive methods

Keywords: optoacoustics, optoacoustic waves, biofluids, oxygen saturation, hemoglobin

Optoacoustic acoustic transients arising from optical absorption and thermoelastic expansion contain information on the optical properties of the irradiated medium. The profile of the optoacoustic signal generated by the absorber, for example from cancer cells, has a complex geometric structure, can be represented by the convolution of acoustic waves emitted by a number of small spherical sources.

Keywords: optoacoustics, optoacoustic waves, absorption, spherical absorber

An experimental device designed for the detection of peripheral veins during the injection and infusion was developed on the basis of recording the difference in the intensity of the optical signal reflected from the vessels and surrounding tissues. The device allows to perform the detection of the locations of vessels, to determine their projection, to confidently distinguish veins and arteries. The effectiveness of the application is shown in tests on healthy people and patients with diabetic angiopathy. The device is very compact, has a simple design and low cost.

Keywords: infrared light, optical pair, photodiode, LED, introscopy, vascular detection, complicated intravenous access, peripheral vein, photoplethysmography, angiopathy

In work methods of generation of an optoacoustic signal for studying biological tissues are considered, the advantages of the method are shown. Ultrasound studies of biotissues are based on the detection of mechanical properties in biological tissues, ultrasonic methods do not allow to establish the level of oxygen saturation or hemoglobin concentration. Optoacoustic methods can allow to determine the properties of tissues and give images with high contrast at high ultrasound resolution in relatively large volumes of biological tissues.

Keywords: optoacoustics, optoacoustic waves, biofluids, spherical sources, absorption, oxygen saturation, near field, far field

In the article results of approbation of the experimental devices designed for visualization of blood vessels developed by the authors are presented. Experimental device number one is an emitter of infrared light, the experimental device number two is a emitter of visible red light. Devices can be recommended for use in patients with no factors impeding vascular imaging and in patients with elevated body mass index.

Keywords: infrared radiation, optical pair, photodiode, LED, introscopy, visible red light, vascular detection, complicated intravenous access, peripheral vein

The possibility of detecting viruses in biomedical research using the optoacoustic method with carbon nanotubes is considered in the paper. In this paper, we consider the setup used to detect optoacoustic responses from a sample, which allows the recording of optical-acoustic signals generated by carbon nanotubes attached to the surface of viruses in the blood and which have high optical absorption. When the sample is irradiated, the absorbed energy from the laser radiation is converted into kinetic energy by means of energy exchange processes. This leads to local heating and, consequently, to the appearance of a wave of sound pressure. By recording ultrasonic waves, it is possible to form a spectrum of the optoacoustic signal for the test sample, which can be used to detect the absorbing components in it.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

Electromyography of masticatory muscles is an objective criteria for the adaptation of patients to orthopedic constructions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the adaptation of masticatory muscles of patients with terminal defects of dentition made a prosthetic appliance for teeth with implant constructions with a large number of supports and removable denture. As a result, when patients with terminal defects of the dentition are made prosthetic appliance with the help of implant structures with a large number of supports in 3 months, the maximum aproaching of the bioelectrical potentials of the masticatory muscles to the norm is observed. When patients are made prosthetic appliance with removable orthopedic structures, hypertension of the masticatory muscles decreases, but does not reach physiological values. It is recommended to use the method of surface electromyography of the masticatory muscles to monitor the effectiveness of orthopedic treatment and the degree of adaptation of the patient to the manufactured structures.

Keywords: Electromyography of masticatory muscles, terminal defects of dentition, implant constructions with a large number of supports, removable denture

The article first developed and proposed criterion values for 11 basic and 8 additional parameters of LED lighting devices intended for a comprehensive analysis of their quality. Of these, 10 parameters are essentially new.

Keywords: parameter, criterion value, quality control, main parameter, additional parameter, non-standard parameter

In this article the methods of diagnosing the patient's condition from biologically active points analyzed, special attention is paid to one of the main problems of contact diagnostic methods, namely, the reliability of diagnostics; the preferred method of measurement, associated with the change in the probe oscillation depending on the change in the load characteristics, is the self-oscillation method. The purpose of the research is to identify the load characteristics corresponding to the best diagnostic reliability. To achieve this goal, the maximum deviation of the established self-oscillator’s frequency is determined for various changes in the load characteristics determined by biologically active points. It considered about the influence of the deviation of the established self-oscillator’s frequency on the reliability of the diagnosis. The result showed that the change in capacitance could be more informative than the change in resistance, which is due to the large value of the dynamic range of the frequency variation of the self-oscillator.

Keywords: self-oscillation method, diagnostics on bio-active points, the established self-oscillator’s frequency, oscillatory circuit, dynamic range, reliability of diagnostics

In operation analytical expressions of amplitude of sound pressure for spherical absorbers as a result of influence of a laser radiation in liquid in a distant field are received. The thermooptoacoustic effect leads to excitation of acoustic waves in case of absorption of a variable luminous flux. It is shown that the optoacoustic effects watched in the liquid environments are beyond the osnovopolakgayushchikh of the developed models for the ideal environments and require more detailed reviewing and specification.

Keywords: optoacoustics, optoacoustic waves, bioliquid, cylindrical, spherical absorbers

Methods based on the thermo-optoacoustic effect in a liquid for conducting biomedical research are considered in the work. The mechanisms participating in the formation of the optoacoustic signal are considered. Thermo-opoacoustic effect leads to the excitation of ultrasonic waves when absorbing a variable light flux. Numerical methods for calculating the optoacoustic effect that can be applied to energy calculations and conditions of a source with arbitrary geometry, to the construction of a temporal profile of laser radiation, to linear scanning of a laser source and tomography are considered.

Keywords: optoacoustics, optoacoustic waves, biofluids, spherical sources, absorption.

The assessment of the effect of copper content in natural water on human health in the water intake areas of the city of Taganrog is considered. The assessment uses the data of hydrochemical monitoring for 2006-2016, examines the dynamics of changes in copper concentrations in water and bottom sediments, the effect of both deficiency and excess element in the body on human health. A comparative analysis of the dependence of the mortality of the population due to cardiovascular diseases on the concentration of copper in natural water is carried out.

Keywords: water quality, MPC, UKIZV, copper, health, cardiovascular diseases, mortality

The estimation of the modern ecological state of the Azov Sea is considered. For evaluation, a specific combinatorial water pollution index is used, an element is revealed, a sharp increase in the annual average concentrations of which leads to a negative effect on the ecological state. The influence of elevated aluminum concentrations in natural water and environmental degradation on human health is assessed.

Keywords: Maximum allowable concentration (MPC), specific combinatory index of water pollution (UKIZV), water quality, aluminum, human health, neurotoxin, Azov Sea

In operation the optico-acoustical effect which leads to excitation of acoustic waves in case of absorption of a variable luminous flux is considered. The model of calculation of the acoustic field generated by a laser study in liquid in case of hit on cylindrical objects in liquid is offered. The special nanomaterials added to liquid can serve as cylindrical objects. It is set that the optoacoustic effects watched in the liquid environments are beyond the fundamental developed models for the ideal environments and require more detailed reviewing and specification.

Keywords: optoacoustics, optoacoustic waves, bioliquid, virtual device, cylindrical, spherical absorbers, nanofibres

An algorithm for numerical simulation of optical structure disturbance of biomedical objects is described. The key features of the presented algorithm are: posterization of CT or MRI scans, subsequent encoding and manual identification of each biological tissue, assigning it tabular optical properties. The described algorithm can be used in diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for numerical simulation of optical properties of biomedical objects of their constituent with variable spatial resolution. Numerical simulation showed that the presented algorithm allows us to describe the optical structure of biological tissue with data validity >90%.

Keywords: optical properties of biological tissues, time-resolved diffuse optical tomography, forward problem, turbid media, posterization