The use of closed methods for laying underground polyethylene gas pipelines using horizontal directional and directional drilling methods when crossing artificial and natural obstacles is considered. The results of calculating the geometric parameters of the working and receiving pits when laying polyethylene gas pipelines using a closed method using horizontal directional drilling are presented.

Keywords: polyethylene gas pipeline, closed installation method, horizontal directional drilling, directional drilling, dimensions of working and receiving pits

The loads on the power floors and column foundations of modern logistics centers can reach 6-9 t/m2 and 1000 t, respectively. At the same time, the step of the grid of exploration wells in the mined areas does not allow reflecting on the geological sections the exact geometry of the occurrence of weak, untreated soils of backfilling pits. The use of a method for strengthening man-made soils by pressing in prefabricated prismatic piles made it possible to compensate for the missing information from engineering and geological surveys by controlling the forces of indentation and thus determining the occurrence marks of more durable foundation soils.

Keywords: engineering and geological surveys, the territory being worked on, man-made soils, soil reinforcement with piles, geological section

There has been studied the influence of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent composition on its key strength properties. The study was aimed on the definition of such consumption of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent components, which could allow maximum ultimate compression strength with minimum consumption of Portland cement provided. As the components of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent, there have been used plaster, Portland cement, and the most wide-spread in the region pozzolana additive. An experiment design was developed to fulfil the work. The research was held in correspondence with the design, and the acquired results made it possible to estimate and analyze descriptive statistics, and expose the influence of components on strength properties of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent. In the course of the analysis it was specified that pozzolana additive consumption factor, and interaction of consumptions of plaster and Portland cement exert a positive influence on strength properties of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent. There have been acquired mathematical models of the influence of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent components consumption on ultimate compression and bending strength of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent. The said model allow forecasting gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent composition to have a desired ultimate compression strength. An optimization was carried out and there was acquired a composition of gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent with maximum ultimate compression strength with minimum consumption of Portland cement provided.

Keywords: gypsum-cement-pozzolana binding agent, optimization of composition, ultimate strength, experiment design, descriptive statistics, superposed diagram, correlogram, ternar chart

The article analyzes the heat-shielding properties of typical curtain-type ventilated façade (hereinafter referred to as CVF) systems used on multi-storey residential buildings in Moscow. We conducted analytical and visual studies, evaluated the technical condition by external features, including photographing the detected defects, thermographic scanning of facades, and took selective measurements of external geometric parameters, distortions, and structural properties for 18 objects in the city of Moscow. The level of defects in the thermal insulation layer at Moscow facilities was at least 50%. A gap of 10 mm at the joint of insulation slabs reduces the heat-shielding properties of the CVF fragment of the outer wall by 14.5–15%. The conclusions were drawn on the basis of the results of calculations of the reduced heat transfer resistance of a total of 18 CVF options from two manufacturers of the Kaptekhnostroy (aluminum CVFS subsystem) and Alfa-Prof (galvanized CVF subsystem) systems. When comparing these solutions, it is obvious that they are all inferior in value reduced resistance to heat transfer of the composite facade thermal insulation system. If the foundation is made of monolithic reinforced concrete or brickwork, the choice of finishing material does not matter. Moreover, the indicators of the reduced heat transfer resistance do not differ significantly. In the case of a base made of expanded clay concrete blocks, the galvanized steel subsystem is 2.9% (ceramic granite), 4.3% (fiber cement) and 4.6% (composite) more efficient.

Keywords: curtain-type facade system, ventilated, facing slabs, fasteners, defects, inspection, heat transfer resistance

the effect of a thickener and a setting retarder on the technological properties of GSHS START is investigated. One-factor plans of a two-factor model have been developed, with a minimum (0.1%; 0.005%) and maximum (0.2%; 0.05%) dosage levels of pore-forming and water-retaining additives, respectively. Regression equations of output parameters in the form of a second-degree polynomial are obtained using regression and correlation analysis of experimental data. The values of partial correlation coefficients are analyzed. With an increase in the dose of water-retaining and pore-forming additives from 0.1% to 0.2% and from 0.005% to 0.05% of the binder, respectively, for all possible combinations of the dosage of the thickener and setting retarder, there is an increase in setting time by 10 ... 72%, and sliding by 33 ... 80%. The least sensitive to an increase in water-retaining and pore-forming additives was a mixture in which the amount of thickener is 0.2% (at the upper level), and the amount of moderator is 0.04% (at the lower level).

Keywords: technological properties, organizational and technological solutions, dry building mixes, functional additives, thickener, setting, retarder, two-factor experiment, coefficient of determination, regression analysis, correlation analysis

The results of the coefficients of iciness for the northern and southern walls, in the attachment points of the frame of the ventilated facade for wall fences made of three-layer reinforced concrete panels with an internal thermal insulation layer are presented. The durability of the anchor attachment of the hinged ventilated facade is determined, depending on the frost resistance of the outer layer of the three-layer wall panel and the orientation of the wall to the north or south.

Keywords: hinged ventilated facade, reinforced concrete three-layer panel, attachment point of the hinged facade, ice coefficients, durability

In this article, using the example of the Silinka River in the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, the influence of various factors on the formation and transportation of sediments in the river, such as sediments, dissolved substances, such as the gross form of zinc, is estimated. The paper uses a multiple regression model to identify the influence of some external factors on the level of contamination of bottom sediments with zinc and presents the results of numerical modeling that allow us to assess changes in the "water – bottom sediments" system under the influence of various factors. The work is important for understanding ecological processes in rivers and can be used to develop methods for managing and protecting water resources.

Keywords: multiple regression, urban area, ecological status, mass transfer processes, water resources, bottom sediments, modeling, Silinka River, Komsomolsk-on-Amur city, ecological processes, numerical modeling, water resources management

The article discusses the issues of 3D-printing and reinforcement of concrete mix with an automated reinforcement integration system, analyzes the effect of the mixture on the dynamics of the construction printer. During the work of the construction 3 D-printer, data was obtained from the accelerometer in the form of graphs of the oscillation frequency of the construction printer, which characterize the main operating parameters. The valve feed was arranged in such a way as to ensure application with virtually no stress. A roller feeder for the rear of the nozzle has been developed for this purpose. Experimental curves of force dependence on displacement for 40 × 40 mm samples with reinforcement reinforcement are presented.

Keywords: construction 3D printer, concrete mix, vibration pattern, accelerometer, reinforcement integration

Ultra high-performance or ultra high-strength concrete is a new class of cement-based materials with increased strength and durability. The widespread use of this concrete in construction practice requires theoretical and experimental studies of the stress-strain state of structures made from them. The article presents and analyzes the shear strength of I-shaped beams made of ultra-high-performance concrete tested by the authors. In the experiments, we varied the fiber content, the shear span, the shear reinforcement ratio, and the width of the compressed flange.

Keywords: shear strength, shear force, ultra high-performance steel fiber-reinforced concrete, I-shaped beams

The creative function of architecture is characterized primarily by practical and creative display, impact, redefinition, organization the available space: from settlement systems to individual architectural objects. At the beginning of the 21st century, architectural activity again finds itself in a turning point, in connection with the information revolution, the active development at the post-industrial society and globalization, which accompany and force a shift in the main paradigms in the architectural styles of the past century. The conditions of global information, technological and cultural integration create the need to change the logic for traditional (classical) techniques at the formation an architectural space. The purpose of the research is to analyze the possibilities at the peculiarities for applying traditional and innovative techniques and means in implementing creative ideas for the results of architectural activity. The research hypothesis includes the assumption that it is necessary to integrate modern capabilities, primarily in the field information (digital) technologies into creative activities to form an architectural space of various sizes and purposes. As a result of the research, areas of rational application of traditional and innovative methods of organizing architectural space were identified.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

This article analyzes the main climatic indicators and considers domestic and foreign experience in the research and design of low-rise solar civil buildings in the conditions of the Republic of Tajikistan. Also, based on data from a number of scientists and preliminary studies, the basic principles of designing low-rise civil buildings, taking into account the location in the construction zone, were considered.

Keywords: climate, temperature, humidity, building, solar radiation, design, comfort, construction, insolation

Modern domestic calculation methods and developed countries for determining the bearing capacity of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs for punching do not fully take into account all factors of design solutions and operating conditions. The available design provisions are made for the static operation of structures and there are no recommendations for taking into account the features of the dynamic impact on the overlap and the nature of the work of the node interfaces. The accepted empirical assumptions of the calculation, based on numerous experimental data, do not take into account the features of the stress-strain state of the coupling of the overlap with the column during destruction according to the punching scheme. This is due to the lack of computational models in which all the acting internal forces ensuring the resistance of the interface to penetration would be considered comprehensively. The complexity of the problem is due to the fact that the sections of the nodal interface are in an inhomogeneous stressed state. The stress-strain state of plates for punching under dynamic load is currently little studied. This article proposes a method for determining the bearing capacity of a symmetrical nodal coupling of a column with an overlap for punching under static and short-term dynamic loading. The proposed design model of the punching strength is based on the following prerequisites: the resistance to punching of a monolithic reinforced floor consists of the shear resistance along the surface of the reduced punching pyramid formed by the height of the compressed concrete zone; the strength of the concrete shear resistance increases due to volumetric compressive forces on the surface of the reduced punching pyramid; the angle of inclination of the faces of the punching pyramid depends on the loading speed. The obtained theoretical dependences are applicable under static and dynamic loading and are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data.problems in the field of video analytics. Numerous studies have shown that, despite the dynamism of processes in the field of information technology and the introduction of various tools and methods, the task of object maintenance still remains relevant and requires further improvement of previously developed algorithms in order to eliminate some inherent disadvantages of these algorithms, systematization of techniques and methods and the development of new systems and approaches. The presented article describes the process of step-by-step development of an algorithm for tracking human movements in a video stream based on the analysis of color groups. The key stages of this algorithm are: the selection of certain frames when dividing the video stream, the selection of the object under study, which is further subjected to a digital processing procedure, the basis of which is to obtain information about color groups, their average values and percentages of their occupancy relative to the object under study. This information is used for the procedure of searching, detecting and recognizing the selected object with an additional function of predicting the direction of movement on video frames, the result of which is the formation of the entire picture of the movement of the person under study. The materials presented in this paper may be of interest to specialists whose research focuses on issues related to the automated acquisition of certain data in the analysis of various images and videos.

Keywords: coupling of a monolithic floor with a column, static and dynamic load, punching pyramid, tangential stresses, concrete shear strength, punching strength

This article investigates the moment redistribution behavior in corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams. previous studies by different authors are reviewed, which shed light on the behavior of corroded statically indeterminate RC elements. The corrosion effects on the ultimate strength, deflection, and moment redistribution ratios are examined. The application of axial loads and location and severity of corrosion allowed for a comprehensive discussion of the moment redistribution behavior. The results showed that continuous RC beams with corroded reinforcement behave differently than simply supported RC beams. The corrosion process also affected the moment redistribution, providing additional safety to the RC structures. Existing research in this area is limited, and further investigations are required to address this knowledge gap and improve the understanding of the mechanism of moment redistribution in continuous corroded RC beams.

Keywords: corroded RC beams, statically indeterminate RC beams, moment redistribution, corrosion, accelerated corrosion method, ultimate strength, deflection, structures durability

During the reconstruction of historical buildings, it is necessary to carry out work on strengthening and strengthening structures. Reconstruction with preservation of the facade walls, which are an object of cultural heritage and form the street facade, deserves special attention. This type of reconstruction includes a complex of works to maintain the preserved structures. The work performed is temporary, but it significantly affects the duration and cost indicators of the entire reconstruction cycle. It is necessary to minimize this type of work in terms of economic and time costs. The purpose of this article is to analyze the existing systems of free-standing retaining walls used in the reconstruction of buildings, to determine the main technological parameters that affect the choice of the system as a whole.

Keywords: reconstruction, facade, facade retention, enclosing structure, construction, foundation, wall, assortment, expert assessment, installation, dismantling, fastening

This article discusses the basic architectural and planning principles of designing underground architecture facilities, such as: organization of natural lighting, functional zoning, visual interaction with the environment and spatial planning solutions. Based on the listed principles and practical examples, the article emphasizes the importance of these aspects in the design of underground structures, summarizing modern approaches and the influence of principles on the formation of harmonious, stable underground facilities.

Keywords: underground architecture, urban infrastructure, sustainability, safety, organization of natural lighting, functional zoning of underground spaces, visual interaction of the environment, spatial planning solutions of underground spaces

The paper presents a new approach to assessing the level of contamination with heavy metals of the soil-like fraction from landfills using Monte Carlo simulation using the example of landfills located within the borders of Volgograd.It was found that with a probability of 36.2%, the contamination level of a soil-like fraction from the landfill located in the Voroshilovsky district will correspond to moderately hazardous, and with a probability of 63.8%, hazardous. It is economically justified to isolate a soil-like fraction with a low level of pollution to detoxify it and further use it in the territory reclamation. For a soil-like fraction from landfill located in the Traktorozavodsky district, the pollution level was determined as extremely hazardous and hazardous with a probability of 87.1% and 3.1%, respectively. It is shown that a useful and usable part cannot be isolated from a soil-like fraction. A soil-like fraction must be neutralized and placed at waste disposal facilities.The presented approach is a useful instrument for pollution level assessment of a soil-like fraction, which can increase the accuracy of an estimate and the management effectiveness of a soil-like fraction during landfill development.

Keywords: landfill, soil-like fraction, heavy metals, pollution level, Monte Carlo method, modeling

The article presents an analysis of the phenomenon in which areas with elevated temperatures form in cities, and considers methods to combat this phenomenon. The article examines the causes of urban heat islands, including dense housing and the use of heat-trapping materials. Solutions are proposed such as increasing green spaces, using sustainable materials and proper urban planning. The article emphasizes the importance of creating comfortable areas for residents and sustainable development of the city in the face of climate change.

Keywords: heat island, surface temperature, hot areas, heat balance, city, suburb, planning

The article is devoted to the study of flange beam to column connections to analyze their nonlinear behavior. In the course of the study, a simplified analytical model was created using the method of variable elasticity parameters to determine the stress-strain state of these connections. The proposed mechanical model makes it possible to predict the strength, stiffness, ductility of joints, as well as possible types of fracture and deformation mechanisms of the bent elements of flange joints. This model can be useful for engineers and specialists in the field of design and analysis of civil structures. The proposed refined component model is an analogue of the Eurocode 3 model. The paper presents a numerical experiment on modeling the junction of a beam with a column by the finite element method. A comparative analysis of the results obtained with the results of tests of flange connections of steel building structures performed by the University of Sydney (USYD) is presented.

Keywords: flange connections, flange plate, stress-strain state, method of variable elasticity parameters, component method, refined component model, finite element method, elastic-plastic state, plastic hinge, modified stiffness, bending model of flange plate

Defensive structures of the Middle Ages were (and are) unique objects both in historical, architectural, and engineering terms. They intertwine the eras of many peoples and ethnic groups. Their development was influenced by a large number of factors. Their detailed analysis is the purpose of this work.

Keywords: defensive structures, architecture, fortress, construction, architectural appearance, stages of development, Kazan yurt

This article represents the initial stage of research on the material layer of the architectural-natural environment of the mountainous territories of North Ossetia. The study involves analyzing and studying the traditional settlement structure in this region, taking into account architectural-compositional features. The main goal of the research is to understand and describe different architectural approaches used in traditional settlements of North Ossetia. To achieve the set goals, the study utilizes geographic information systems and programming. Geographic information systems enable the analysis of spatial data and visualization of compositional forms of settlement structures in mountainous territories. Programming allows automating data processing and analysis processes. The research also takes into account the natural and landscape features of the region. Natural conditions of the mountainous territories of North Ossetia influence architectural decisions, such as material usage, adaptation to uneven terrain, and more. It is important to understand how architectural-compositional features are combined with natural features and contribute to the formation of sustainable and harmonious settlements. The obtained results of the research will have practical value for the preservation and use of traditional architecture and cultural heritage of North Ossetia. They can be used in the planning and design of new settlements, considering the unique architectural-compositional features of this region and with the aim of preserving its unique cultural and natural environment.

Keywords: settlement structure, mountainous territory, composition, shape, natural landscape, relief, architectural composition, North Ossetia, Alania, mountain settlement

The principles of placement of the territorial property complex are closely related to the specifics of the production activity of the enterprise, and therefore are often repeated within the same industry. This paper analyzes the placement of the territorial and property complex of the world's largest mining companies engaged in the extraction and processing of potash ore. A conclusion is drawn about the formation of general principles for the placement of the territorial and property complex of KCl mining companies, which were taken into account in particular during the design and construction of the mining and processing plant in the Volgograd region of EuroChem-VolgaKaliy LLC.

Keywords: property complex, territory, production placement, mining, potassium

The article discusses a method for detecting defects in extended products. To find defects, scanning the product along its entire length is used. The result is a two-dimensional data stream that needs to be analyzed. The problem of detecting a defect is one of the tasks of detecting a “useful” signal against a background of “noise”. The most reliable method is to use a set of statistical criteria. To compare the mean values, the Student's test and two Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests were used; to compare the scattering values, the Fisher test and the Ansari–Bradley test were used. The effectiveness of the algorithm was confirmed using a computer model simulating a two-dimensional homogeneous data stream.

Keywords: defects, extended products, computer model, simulation, statistical criterion

The paper presents the results of research on the application of gypsum hydrate cakes, the waste products of the refining process at the Krastsvetmet non-ferrous metals plant, for the production of construction materials. The study examined pasty cakes for use in building mortars, and after drying and grinding, the resulting cake powder was further used as a fine filler in asphalt concrete mixes. The optimal composition of the construction mortar was determined using a mathematical method of experimental design. The construction mortars were prepared based on cement and local mineral materials. The study demonstrated that it is possible to get construction mortars of the required strength based on the cakes. The cake powder obtained after drying was examined as a mineral powder for asphalt concrete. Tests showed that the cakes met the requirements for grade MP-3 mineral powders in all aspects. Asphalt concrete incorporating the cakes also met the regulatory standards for its key properties. Based on the research results, the optimal compositions of mortars and asphalt concrete were recommended for implementation to construction companies in the Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Keywords: waste products, cakes, construction mortars, compositions, properties, regression equations, durability, water retention capacity, segregation, mineral powder, asphalt concrete

Methods of calculation and design of building structures are considered that make it possible to provide trouble-free operation on time during the service life, and hence the level of reliability. According to the reliability indicator, the following scheme for standardizing the reliability of designed building structures is linked to the assessment of quality indicators of constructed structures. Indicators of design quality that are not related to strength, guaranteed with a given probability of failure-free operation, are introduced: geometric dimensions, modular deformation and elasticity, taking into account the properties of variability and technology. The appropriate safety factors are determined, ensuring mandatory protection of failure-free operation. A scheme for calculating design structures with the required level of reliability during the design, construction and operation of structures is being developed.

Keywords: method of calculation of structures, reliability, safety factor, strength class, reliability index, improvement of calculation of structures

The article discusses methodological approaches to assessing the quality of work projects (WPP). Based on an analytical review of modern scientific articles and regulatory documentation, it is shown that PPR is subject to a significant amount of uncoordinated requirements, both in terms of content and the availability of approvals for various conditions of construction sites. At the same time, projects are increasingly of a formal nature, the quality of technological solutions is decreasing, and third-party developers, so-called freelancers, are involved in their preparation. In this regard, the goal of the research work is formulated in the form of developing a methodology for analyzing the quality of PPR. Based on the analysis of various methodological approaches, it was established that it should be based on the assessment of various indicators obtained from projects drawn up for the conditions of specific construction sites, design features of buildings and structures being erected, etc. It is shown that the assessment of PPR should be carried out on the basis of a single, measurable, comprehensive criterion, which includes the following factors: ensuring safe working conditions at the construction site and the integrated safety of construction processes for the surrounding buildings; compliance with technological discipline requirements; compliance of the technology used with the specific conditions of the construction site; sufficient completeness of the project, completed on the basis of the requirements of regulatory documents. It is proposed to translate qualitative information characterizing these factors into quantifiable indicators based on their analysis using general definition tables.

Keywords: organizational and technological documentation, work project, quality, efficiency, general definition tables, incoming documentation control